Are you currently seeking to earn a decent
income from your savings? With the current climate of low interest
rates, which looks likely to remain a long-term fixture of the
economy, it's fair to say that most people can no longer
automatically rely on the traditional savings account to provide
their required income. However, the good news is that a number of
other possible solutions are available to you.
He we look at some
commonly asked questions.
Q: Is the stock market my only
option to generate an income?
A: No, although with shares you do have the chance to see
capital growth over the years. This is why 'equity income' trusts
have been a popular choice for income-seeking investors in more
recent years.
Q: What are the benefits of opting
for gilts?
A: Gilts have been a safe option in the past. The UK
Government (like most governments around the world) issues gilts
when it wants to raise revenue to fund its spending plans. Gilts are
issued at a set price and pay you a fixed interest rate throughout a
set term, after which their original face value is repaid. Once
issued, gilts can be bought and sold at any time and the price you
pay for them will vary. The likelihood of the Government going bust
and failing to meet its interest payments is low, so the risk of
holding gilts is low and consequently, the rates on offer are not
usually particularly high. But you do get a lot of security for your
money. However, in some economic climates the rates paid on gilts
could be high.
Q: Should I consider a corporate
bond?
A: While only governments can offer gilts, publicly quoted
companies can issue something very similar - corporate bonds - and
these potentially pay higher returns. Companies wanting to raise
money issue bonds and agree to pay a fixed interest rate for a
pre-set period, after which they repay the original selling price.
They are often called IOUs issued by companies to people they borrow
money from!
As with gilts, bonds trade freely once they
are issued - their prices can go up and down on a daily basis,
though past history shows that they tend to be slightly less
volatile than share prices. If a company were to hit hard times, it
may decide to miss an interest payment, and if it were to go under
it could not repay the bond's value. However, in the event of a
company collapse, bondholders are actually further ahead in the
queue for assets and repayment than ordinary shareholders.
Q: When do corporate bond funds pay
out their incomes?
A: Many funds pay twice a year or quarterly but several now
pay monthly, so select a trust that pays at times to suit your
lifestyle - or pick a few to ensure that you earn a useful income
throughout the year. The income is normally paid directly into your
nominated bank or building society account. Remember, if you buy
corporate bond trusts through an ISA, you get the interest entirely
tax-free and don't have to declare it on your tax form.
Q: Is it right that the tax breaks
on corporate bond ISAs are better than those on equity based ISAs?
A: Yes it is. The Government has announced subtle but
important changes to the way equity and bond fund ISAs are to be
treated. In a share (equity) based fund your manager can currently
reclaim a ten per cent tax credit on dividends paid by the company
shares in the portfolio. This is to be changed in April 2004, when
no more tax credits can be reclaimed. Income from bonds is treated
differently, however. Fund managers can reclaim tax deducted in full
now, and that won't change in 2004. Incidentally, many people
investing for growth currently pick bond funds and have the income
reinvested to boost the ultimate value of their nest egg. This is
likely to become an even more popular strategy after 2004 if the
rules are not changed.
Q: Why do I sometimes see two yield
figures quoted for corporate bonds?
A: The two figures refer to different things. The 'running
yield' is effectively that paid to investors buying into a fund now
- and it is the figure that should be paid for the next year,
assuming bond prices don't change dramatically. But bond prices
won't stay the same for ever - for example, a bond bought by a fund
manager for £1.10 in order to enjoy a high yield on it may be due to
be redeemed in a few years for its original offer price of just £1.
This sort of automatic capital loss is included in the calculations
for the 'redemption yields' or 'yields to maturity' - the other
figure that is often quoted in information on corporate bond trusts.
Q: Are there any other options I
could consider for providing income?
A: If you are in retirement and using your savings to boost
your income, it might be worth looking at several other products.
There are special products from National Savings that retired people
could consider, although the current rates of return are not that
high.
But it is also worth looking at
with-profits bonds. These are stock market based investments with
safety-first structures. Your money is pooled together into a fund,
which buys a broad range of shares and other financial instruments.
The managers look at how they perform each year and then, based on
the overall performance, award annual bonuses to investors - bonuses
that can't generally be removed even if stock markets later slump.
Although most Managers reserve the right to apply a Market Value
Adjuster (MVA) on surrender in adverse market conditions which has
the effect of removing bonuses previously added. As an
income-seeking investor you can withdraw the bonus - or any other
amount - each year. And your withdrawals will be treated well by the
taxman - he effectively looks at the first 5 per cent per annum for
twenty years as returns of capital rather than income, so most
investors can avoid an extra tax bill. If withdrawals exceed 5 per
cent per annum of the original investment, the excess will be
assessable for income tax purposes. Whether income tax will become
due will depend on the individuals circumstances.
Distribution bonds are another option. These are similar to
with-profits bonds, but have fewer safety-first features. So while
the risks can be higher, so too can the returns. Their aim is to
provide a rising income over the years, together with some capital
gains. And, of course, a fund of emergency money in a top-paying,
easy-access deposit account is essential for rainy days and
emergencies.
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